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Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Surabhi Sushma Reddy Postgraduate Dept of pulmonary medicine 2. Horizontal fissure. It corresponds to the upper border of the lower lobe. It marks the boundary between the upper and middle lobes. In , 10 normal segments were given specific numbers by thoracic society.
In slight modification of nomenclature by international congress of anatomist. Resistance to airflow in the traheobronceal tree depends on the total cross-sectional area of the airways. Airway Progression Trachea C- shaped hyaline cartilage rings Bifurcates at the level of sternal angle. Carina: Ridge on internal aspect of last cartilage. Point where trachea branches. Left main bronchus: Longer 5 cm ,smaller diameter, more horizontal, makes an angle of 45o with trachea.
Gives 2 lobar bronchi Right main bronchus : Shorter 2. Gives 3 lobar bronchi. This is first level of gas exchange. Right lung Right upper lobe B1 Apical segment CXR- PA : medially —mediastinum, laterally-line drawn from the hilum along ant border of 1st rib CXR- lat :- D2 vertebral body to hilum hilum to out border of 1st rib. Another line drawn from hilum to 3rd ICS. Silhouette sign on ascending aorta. CXR-Lat :hori fissure, hilum to 1st rib.
CXR-Lat :hori hilum to 4th costo Chondral jn ,lower half of oblique fissure. Not silhouetting the cardiac border. Lat :upper part of oblique fissure , hilum to 2ndcostal Lat : hilum to 2nd coastal, hilum to 4th coastal cartilage Lat :lower part of oblique fissure ,hilum to 4th coastal cartilage.
B 9 Lateral Basal Segment Lat wedge shape ant and post to mid axillary line At the level of aortic arch 2. At the level of Lt pulmonary artery level. At the level of Rt pulmonary artery level. At the level of cardiac ventricles Lt pul. Rt pul. LUL - Rt. Cancerous lesion-anterior segments of RUL. Lung abscess—posterior segment of the upper lobe or in the superior or posterior basal segment of the lower lobe, especially on the rt lung because of more vertical bronchus and also that aspirated secretions tend to gravitate in these segments in supine position Aspiration pneumonia: apical segments both lower lobes or posterior segment of the RUL.
During surgical resection, the surgeon works along the segmental veins to isolate a particular segment. An x- ray of the lungs pre and post treatment demonstrates a dramatically improved lung.
Each segment has its own pulmonary arterial branch and thus, the bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by its own bronchus and artery.
Each segment is functionally and anatomically discrete allowing a single segment to be surgically resected without affecting its neighboring segments. There is some form of segmental symmetry between the right and left lungs, even though the left lung is smaller and only contains two lobes. Bilaterally, the upper lobes have apical, posterior and anterior segments and the lower lobes superior apical and 4 basal segments anterior, medial, posterior and lateral.
With this basic symmetric anatomy shared between the lungs, there are a few differences that can be described:. The right lung is subdivided into three lobes with ten segments. The notation in brackets refers to the Boyden classification of bronchi. The left lung is subdivided into two lobes and thereby, into eight segments. Useful mnemonic to remember the bronchopulmonary segments are:. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys.
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