They are in favor of an upper controlling elite with aristocratic interests, as they believe that there is inherently a class best meant to rule. They believe in the pure rule of genetics over identity, where things like racial ethnicity as having a determining factor over internal qualities like temperament and intelligence.
They believe in nationalism, where a set people have interests in each other rather than the rest of society. They are often also opposed to capitalism, but this is because they capitalism creates too much equality and takes the importance away from nation and race. They instead want to purposely re-enforce social stratification and separation instead of just allowing some measure of this to happen on its own, as is the neoliberal situation.
They may or may not support totalitarian state measures, but they always support a form of social authoritarianism where a society has strict social mores set by elites whose interest is maintaining a social order. The term fascism itself is rarely going to be used in these circles, as it has been permanently marred with its association with the Holocaust of the Third Reich. This new brand of the far right is also hardly historical re-enactors as they have modernized the ideas that birthed the interwar movements.
The fascism of Italy, Germany, Romania, Austria, and Spain were all somewhat unique in structure, and there were hundreds of movements and ideologues that you never heard of because their version of these essential fascist ideas did not end up taking state power. Instead it has rebranded its ideas and modernized its goals and political programs, but the core ideas and values remain the same.
His publishing house, which is mainly made up of republishing tomes by people like Savitri Devie and Jonathan Bowden, has tried to establish a right-wing intellectual current similar to what they have in France. What he is calling the North American New Right, which is essentially just him publishing what he can after having to leave the Occidental Observer, is established on taking the core values of fascism away from its archaic political manifestations 2.
The true right embraces the idea that mankind is and ought to be unequal, i. Men are different from women. Adults are different from children. The wise are different from the foolish, the smart from the stupid, the strong from the weak, the beautiful from the ugly. We are differentiated by race, history, language, religion, nation, tribe, and culture.
These differences matter, and because they matter, all of life is governed by real hierarchies of fact and value, not by the chimera of equality. The true right rejects egalitarianism root and branch. The true right has three species: traditional society, the Old Right, and the New Right. Every traditional society known to man is inegalitarian. All forms of traditional society have been destroyed—or are in the process of being destroyed—by modern, egalitarian, mass society.
For our purposes, the Old Right means Fascism, National Socialism, and other national-populist movements, which are the pre-eminent attempts to restore traditional hierarchical social forms within the context of modernity. Fascism and National Socialism were not merely reactionary, rear-guard resistances to modern egalitarianism by partisans of corrupt hierarchies. They represented a genuinely revolutionary impetus to restore vital, archaic, hierarchical values within the context of modern science, technology, and mass society.
Our ideal is a hierarchical society free of exploitation and injustice because the sole justification of political inequality is the common good of the body politic, not the factional good of the ruling stratum.
This is a vital question, because of the intense stigmas attached to these movements since the Second World War. The North American New Right, like the European New Right, is founded on the rejection of Fascist and National Socialist party politics, totalitarianism, terrorism, imperialism, and genocide.
This sums up the breadth of the movements in general. The coloring of each of these subsets tends to take on many of the aesthetics from which it is dissenting. The Traditionalist Youth Network, White Student Union , and Youth for Western Civilization use the grassroots student-organizing model, and often look more like more confrontational brown-shirts.
Institute for Historical Review, Mankind Quarterly, Counter Currents, and many others put on the vein of academic intellectualism.
In many ways, these far-right movements are an effort to create a coherent right wing that is in opposition to the fractured ideologies of the mainstream right. What you will notice is that there is often a similar estimation of contemporary politics between anarchists and those on the far right in as much as the far right is completely willing to accept their own racism sexism, and homophobia, and is completely willing to estimate the issues with capitalism, globalism, and contemporary party politics in ways that are real and meaningful.
The difference is where they fall on these things, not in the way that they interpret them. Many of the accusations that they throw at the far left, like the desire to destroy white hegemony and the nation state, are entirely valid and correct.
The difference is that the left sees them as a positive while the right sees them as apocalyptic. You can look at a number of social forms and goals and assign a sort of positive preference from anarchists and direct opposition from fascists. Equality, pervasive democracy, multiculturalism, a sexually liberated and diverse society, and the destruction of gender roles, are all core ideological principles of the anarchist project, as well as direct fighting points for fascists to target.
Anarchism, as the furthest political point away from fascism, actually takes the elements that fascism abhors and finds its political footing on the most extreme version of that. So, fascism openly opposes democracy because it violates their self-avowed elitism.
Anarchists, on the other hand, support direct democracy, which intends to hand the democratic process even more directly to the people. The far right strongly opposes equality seeing that people are not made that way.
Anarchism goes one further and opposes every single form of hierarchy, from political structures to social relations. It is in this direct contrast that we find the fundamental point about the battle between the two polar opposites: to fight for anarchism is to be implicitly anti-fascist. Success in the revolutionary anarchist sense would be the negation of every fascist goal so successfully that you create the purest form of their opposition.
You cannot cohabitate with the far right since their ideological principles would mean to undermine every single element you look for, whether it is in projects for survival in the current world or projects that are for revolutionary implementation.
The history of modern revolutions is often the history of ideological civil wars where different sides represent ideological oppositions. Competing political factions vie for control, and we see that this point of pressure can often force the more extreme polarities of the political spectrum to mark these different parties. If we look to the Russian Revolution we see a history where the Menshevik majority, the direct-action focused Narodniks, and the anarchist populations heavily infiltrated the left insurrection.
Many people in the peasantry and working class shifted dramatically to a reactionary pro-Czarist position, often times defending what little privilege they still had. The example of the Spanish Revolution of is possibly the most telling example of this ideological civil war in the 20th Century.
The coup in from General Francisco Franco, with the support of the nationalist Fallange party and financial backing from Germany and Italy, overthrew the newly formed republic. Engaging in the civil war for the republic took as a coalition with the Abraham Lincoln brigade being the notable army of volunteers, many from the United States.
The CNT, which had been directly clashing with Fallange forces for several years prior, began collectivizing land and industries into what many call the most comprehensive Anarchist social revolution in history. With the support of Stalin back communist forces they took on the fascist insurgency, only to have the Soviet armies turn on them to sell them out to state forces. Catalonia ended up as the marker of Anarchist revolutionary forces against the fascist armies coming from the south, supported by a broad coalition of ideological forces that had some differences yet remained in unity on their fundamental values.
The Spanish Revolution defined anarchism until the New Left, and still overshadows every current that has come later. It is through anti-fascist struggle it was able to realize the most key parts of a community transformation. In the modern context, the street battles that have marked anti-fascism have been marked by movements such as Anti-Fascist Action and Anti-Racist Action, as well as hundreds of groups taking on similar positions and strategies.
Cons: In actuality, it often cannot economically achieve its goal, and so becomes fodder for various forms of corruption. Learn more about socialism by watching this 6 minute video by Hip Hughes. Communism is essentially the evolution of socialist economic concepts into a complete political and moral ideology beyond just economics. It can generally be described as communal ownership of all land, products, goods and services by all members of society, in order to create an idyllic utopia of fairness and equality for all.
If socialism has a historically bad track record however, communism is its most dysfunctional aspects on steroids. Not to say communist systems of the future are destined to fail, but at this point all have, or have at least slipped into authoritarian systems which appear to violate a lot of the very ideals they claim to be promoting.
Pros: Puts the admirable moralities of equality, justice, and fairness for all front and center in the heart of its politics. Cons: Thus far seems to completely fail at its goal and slip into absolute authoritarian despotism, with economic poverty and abuses against its own citizens rampant. Learn more about communism with this 15 minute video from Khan Academy. If communism is the most left-leaning political manifestation of socialist economic principles, fascism could potentially be consider the most right-leaning of capitalistic ones.
Learn more about fascism by checking out the 4 minute video by Now This World. Anarchism is generally described as a political ideology rejecting all forms of governmental intrusion or control.
As such, it is sort of outside of the typical political spectrum of right v left, as in its purest forms does not believe there should be any political structures or spectrums at all.
In this way, it can sort of be thought of as the opposite of authoritarianism, as instead of one person being in charge of everyone, everyone is in charge of themselves. Although there has yet to be a modern anarchist society to use as an example, and its theories of function vary widely, it appears most anarchist systems would rely on an extreme free-market unregulated capitalism right leaning for their method of commerce, combined with a extremely progressive social acceptance of all cultural issues left-leaning.
The nearest, functioning, modern political party to promote realistic concepts similar to anarchism would probably be Libertarian , who genuinely prefer the smallest government necessary to ensure the greatest freedom possible for all its citizens.
It is often confused with terrorism, which is the use of violence to achieve a specific political goal. Pros : Could be the best system possible for all of society, if it was achievable. Cons : Probably not achievable at this time. Learn more about anarchism by watching this 3 minute video by Now This World.
The more we can learn about the actual history and context of these concepts, the harder it becomes for us to be politically manipulated. Learning is good, civilized debate finds truth. You can also sign up for my newsletter here. Social anarchists, by contrast, focus on the concept of positive liberty, which identifies freedom as not merely liberty from outside interference but the fulfillment of the individual's full potential when power and resources are shared equally among all members of a community.
They favor direct democracy along with common ownership of the means of production. This school of thought has a number of branches, including collectivist anarchism, also referred to as revolutionary socialism; anarcho-communism, also known as libertarian communism; and anarcho-syndicalism, which promotes collectivist labor unions with no union bosses to speak of. Anarcho-capitalists, or laissez-faire capitalists, see free-market capitalism as the basis for a free society.
Unlike many anarchists, they believe in some version of private property. If unhampered by the government, they maintain that private enterprise would provide all of the services that people need. That includes things like road construction and police protection. In this case, the group is similar in ideology to libertarians, although at the extreme edge, as they reject all state involvement in economic and personal matters. Throughout the years, people have applied anarchism in a wide variety of ways.
They include:. There are several criticisms of anarchy, including:. Anarchist philosophy was embraced by some of those who joined anti-war, anti-capitalist, and anti- globalization movements in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Crypto-anarchists support decentralized currency such as bitcoin. Some advocates of Bitcoin claim that cryptocurrency was created as a reaction against corrupt governments and financial institutions, and to undermine the authority of both.
Having anarchist beliefs is not a crime. According to the FBI, the majority of anarchists in the U. However, change through violence and criminal acts are against the law. Anarchists believe that society should exist without a government to rule the thoughts and actions of citizens. Communists, meanwhile, believe that the major means of production are owned and controlled by the state.
Anarchy rejects any form of governmental authority, while antifascism specifically opposes fascist, authoritarian ideologies. Berlin, Isaiah.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. Wealth Management. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for Investopedia. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
0コメント