Eight runners, eight straight lines. A bang, an explosion of muscle and, less than ten seconds later, a winner. And all they do is run. No bikes, boats, vaults or horses — just one foot in front of the other. Yet, in those three dozen blinks of an eye, sprinters in the m perform physical feats so advanced that scientists are still trying to understand them.
Simply analysing the extreme motion and exertions of a sprinter is challenging. Weyand and his team have a large treadmill in their lab capable of rolling at 90mph. In the punishing max test, athletes straddle the moving belt and hop on for a few seconds at a time. They start slow, with rests in between. The tests are a safer version of jumping off the back of an old Routemaster bus and staying upright for eight paces — athletes wear harnesses in case they trip — but how fast is the bus going?
High-speed treadmills, slow-motion imaging and pressure sensors have allowed scientists to study aspects of elite sprinting that were largely unknown as recently as 15 years ago. That extreme rippling in the face that slow motion footage reveals in some runners demonstrates the forces that transfer from foot to floor. The key, though, is to gain force without body weight, while not sacrificing the brute strength required to accelerate out of the blocks.
Weyand likens the steps a top sprinter takes to the punches of a boxer — immensely powerful but also lightning fast. If you are young, strong and fit with the right body type, then it is certainly possible. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. Skip to content Home Physics What is a good m time? Ben Davis January 19, What is a good m time? Is 11 seconds fast for m? Is 13 seconds fast for m?
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If we continued to produce such rates of force for just one second, we could accelerate a Forumula 1 car to km per hour, or an 80kg athlete to about km per hour.
To deliver such forces, we might expect that sprinters possess a unique muscular design, and there is some evidence for this.
Further, some important power-producing muscles in their calf and thigh regions may possess longer muscle fibre bundles which is thought to contribute to faster muscle-shortening speeds attaching at smaller angles to the tendon than slower runners.
Instead, muscular forces stretch elastic tissues, such as tendons, and stored energy is subsequently recaptured at much faster rates when they recoil. However, we know little about the effect of changing tendon properties.
We do know that sprint runners have stiffer Achilles tendons than non-runners. This should allow them to cope better with forces of over kg placed on the tendon and to recoil faster while under load during the propulsion phase of the foot-contact phase. We also know that exercise such as strength training tends to increase their stiffness while detraining reduces it. Another issue is that increased muscle mass increases limb inertia in much the same way as greater limb lengths do , so reducing the acceleration for a given joint torque production.
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